The concept and classification of glass bottles and cans in China's glass packaging industry

It can be sealed with a cover or a plug and can be used to contain insulating glass products of various materials. It is widely used as a packaging container for beverages, alcohol, chemicals, medicines, cultural and educational goods and cosmetics. The glass bottle is transparent, easy to clean, with good chemical stability, no pollution to the contents, high air tightness, excellent storage performance, and rich style and decoration. It can be recycled for many times and has rich sources of raw materials. However, glass bottles are easy to break and have a large weight ratio. These shortcomings are gradually improved with the development of process technology.

The highest output of glass products is glass bottles and jars. In 1980, the world output of glass products was 68 million tons, including 40.8 million tons of glass bottles.

From 2000 B.C. to 500 B.C., people can make hollow glass vessels. After the use of blowpipes in 200 BC, the oil production and brewing industry subsequently used hollow glass containers. During the Roman Empire, the demand for glass containers increased. Most products were round bottomed and supported by iron frames or wooden frames. Later, due to the development of blowing glass molds, unsupported flat-bottomed bottles were manufactured. From the 5th century to the 15th century, pressing, stretching and blow molding technologies have been greatly developed, laying the foundation for the mechanization of glass manufacturing. In 1867, Siemens Brothers of Germany applied the continuous refrigerator pot furnace to the glass industry, making it possible to produce glass bottles and jars on a large scale. From 1880 to 1890, the molding technology of pressure blowing process used to manufacture wide mouthed bottles and blow molding process used to manufacture small, mouthed bottles was invented (see glass manufacturing). In 1900, the first motor-driven bottle making machine appeared. From 1904 to 1905, MJ Owens invented an automatic vacuum suction bottle making machine. In 1910, goaf feeder began to develop. In 1914, the semi-automatic blowing process was developed. In 1925, Hadford Enpel Company, headquartered in the United States, developed a successful bottle making machine, which was produced by blow molding process. Later, it was also developed to be able to be produced by pressure blowing process. This type of bottle making machine is still the main model used today, and gradually develops to multi-unit and multi drop materials.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, China used blowpipes to blow hollow glass containers. The modern glass industry was formed from 1904 to 1908. Founded in 1931, Shanghai Jinghua Glass Factory is the first factory in China to use horizontal flame, horseshoe shaped flame heat storage tank kiln and automatic bottle making machine to manufacture glass bottles and jars. After the 1950s, a number of larger modern bottle factories were built. In the 1980s, the biggest improvement in glass bottles and bottle production was the light weight of glass bottles, which saved raw materials and fuel, improved production speed and reduced transportation costs.